Latex allegry

Resident’s Name: Joanne Lewis Date: May 7, 2010

Article title: The Dental Team and Latex Hypersensitivity

Author(s): ADA Council on Scientific Affairs

Journal: JADA Vol. 130, Feb. 1999

Type of Article: association report

Main Purpose: to address issues relating to latex hypersensitivity among dental team members.

Overview: Since the 80’s, there has been an increase in reports of latex sensitivity/reactions. Factors include: increased use of latex products, latex products with higher protein content due to insufficient leaching times during manufacturing, aerosolization of cornstarch powder that binds with the latex protein antigen, and heightened cumulative exposure. 3 types of reactions: 1.) Type I hypersensitivity is the antibody-mediated allergy to latex protein, symptoms include skin redness, hives, itching, runny nose, itchy eyes, anaphylaxis. Type IV hypersensitivity is the allergic contact dermatitis caused by an immunological reaction to chemicals added to latex and synthetic gloves during the manufacturing process, symptoms include dry cracked skin, vesicles. Irritant dermatitis can be confused with the other 2 but is the result of skin irritation due to exposure to chemicals used in the workplace or insufficient rinsing or drying of hands. Prevalence of true latex protein allergy (Type I) is unclear (3.8-6.2% among dental professionals) – studies suggest that among health care workers, irritant dermatitis, rather than protein allergy, is the most common skin condition associated with frequent glove use. Look for the ADA’s Seal of Acceptance when selecting gloves to be sure the gloves meet the ADA’s guidelines for safety and efficacy.

Key points/Summary: Dentists should reduce occupational exposure for themselves and their team as much as possible.